Zusammenfassung
In den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten erfolgte eine generelle Neubewertung von Aminosäuren
als Bestandteil einer optimalen Ernährungstherapie in verschiedenen Krankheitssituationen.
Grundlegende physiologische Studien belegen eindrucksvoll, dass einige früher als
„nicht essenziell” eingeordnete Aminosäuren (z. B. Glutamin, Arginin, Cystein) aufgrund
eines erhöhten Bedarfs und/oder einer nicht mehr genügenden körpereigenen Synthese
als bedingt unentbehrliche Nährstoffe einzustufen sind. Unabhängig von ihrem nutritiven
Wert, besitzen verschiedene Aminosäuren zudem zusätzliche „pharmakologische” Eigenschaften,
wodurch die Integrität und Funktion von Organen/Geweben beeinflusst und die Immunantwort
moduliert wird. Die vorliegende Übersicht fasst neue Aspekte des Aminosäurenstoffwechsels
in pathophysiologischen Situationen zusammen, beschreibt die Konsequenzen einer nicht
adäquaten Zufuhr und beleuchtet optimale Ernährungsstrategien zur Unterstützung des
Heilungsprozesses und des outcome.
Abstract
Within the last two decades, the role of amino acids in the frame of optimum nutrition
support of various patient groups has been generally revised. Basic physiological
studies clearly indicate that certain amino acids (e.g. glutamine, arginine, cysteine)
formerly valued as „non-essential”, have to be considered as conditionally indispensable
substrates in diseased state due to increased needs and/or no more sufficient endogenous
synthesis. Apart from their nutritive value, various amino acids possess additional
„pharmacological” functions influencing integrity and function of organs/tissues as
well as modulating the immune response. The present review summarizes the actual knowledge
of selected amino acid metabolism in diseased states, describes the consequence of
inadequate nutrition support and highlights optimum nutrition strategies to support
patient recovery and outcome.
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Prof. Dr. Peter Stehle
Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft · Universität Bonn
Endenicher Allee 11 - 13
53115 Bonn
Email: ehw@uni-bonn.de
